Abstract
Following the first reprocessing campaign performed by the International GNSS Service (IGS) in 2008, a second reprocessing campaign (repro2) was finalized in 2015. Nine different Analysis Centers (ACs) reanalyzed the history of GNSS data collected by a global tracking network back to 1994 using the latest available models and methodology, and provided daily terrestrial frame solutions among other products. Daily combinations of the AC terrestrial frame solutions provided the IGS input to the next release of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF2014). From weighted root mean squares values of the residuals of the daily repro2 combinations, the overall inter-AC level of agreement is assessed to be 1.5 mm for the horizontal components and 4 mm for the vertical component of station positions, 25–40 \(\upmu \)as for pole coordinates, 140–200 \(\upmu \)as/day for pole rates, 8–20 \(\upmu \)s/day for calibrated length-of-day estimates, 4 mm for the X and Y components of geocenter motion, 8 mm for its Z component and 0.5 mm for the terrestrial scale. On the long term, the origins (resp. scales) of the AC terrestrial frames show relative offsets and rates within \(\pm \)3 mm and \(\pm \)0.3 mm/year (resp. \(\pm \)0.5 mm and \(\pm \)0.05 mm/year). The combination residuals also present AC-specific features, some of which are explained by known analysis specifics, while others remain under investigation.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Altamimi Z, Collilieux X, Legrand J, Garayt B, Boucher C (2007) ITRF2005: a new release of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame based on time series of station positions and Earth Orientation Parameters. J Geophys Res 112(B9). doi:10.1029/2007JB004949
Altamimi Z, Collilieux X, Métivier L (2011) ITRF2008: an improved solution of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame. J Geod 85(8):457–473. doi:10.1007/s00190-011-0444-4
Altamimi Z, Collilieux X, Rebischung P, Métivier L (2015) 1985–2015: thirty years of R&D on the International Terrestrial Reference Frame. In: Abstract presented at IUGG general assembly, Prague
Argus DF (2012) Uncertainty in the velocity between the mass center and surface of Earth. J Geophys Res 117(B10). doi:10.1029/2012JB009196
Collilieux X, Schmid R (2012) Evaluation of the ITRF2008 GPS vertical velocities using satellite antenna \(z\)-offsets. GPS Solut 17(2):237–246. doi:10.1007/s10291-012-0274-8
Collilieux X, Métivier L, Altamimi Z, van Dam T, Ray J (2011) Quality assessment of GPS reprocessed terrestrial reference frame. GPS Solut 15(3):219–231. doi:10.1007/s10291-010-0184-6
Collilieux X, van Dam T, Ray J, Coulot D, Métivier L, Altamimi Z (2012) Strategies to mitigate aliasing of loading signals while estimating GPS frame parameters. J Geod 86(1):1–14. doi:10.1007/s00190-011-0487-6
Collilieux X, Altamimi Z, Argus DF, Boucher C, Dermanis A, Haines BJ, Herring TA, Kreemer CW, Lemoine FG, Ma C, MacMillan DS, Mäkinen J, Métivier L, Ries J, Teferle FN, Wu X (2014) External evaluation of the Terrestrial Reference Frame: report of the task force of the IAG sub-commission 1.2. In: Rizos C, Willis P (eds) Proceedings of the XXV IUGG general assembly. IAG Symp, vol 139. Springer, Berlin, pp 197–202. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-37222-3_25
Dilssner F (2010) GPS IIF-1 satellite antenna phase center and attitude modeling. Inside GNSS 5(6):59–64
Dilssner F, Springer T, Gienger G, Dow J (2011) The GLONASS-M satellite yaw-attitude model. Adv Space Res 47(1):160–171. doi:10.1016/j.asr.2010.09.007
Dow JM, Neilan RE, Rizos C (2009) The international GNSS service in a changing landscape of global navigation satellite systems. J Geod 83(3–4):191–198. doi:10.1007/s00190-008-0300-3
Ferland R, Kouba J, Hutchison D (2000) Analysis methodology and recent results of the IGS network combination. Earth Planets Space 52(11):953–957. doi:10.1186/BF03352311
Ge M, Gendt G, Dick G, Zhang FP, Reigber C (2005) Impact of GPS satellite antenna offsets on scale changes in global network solutions. Geophys Res Lett 32(6). doi:10.1029/2004GL022224
Griffiths J, Choi K (2013) Analysis center coordinator report. In: Dach R, Jean Y (eds) International GNSS service technical report 2012. Astronomical Institute, University of Bern, pp 21–34
Johnson TJ, Kammeyer P, Ray J (2001) The effects of geophysical fluids on motions of the global positioning system satellites. Geophys Res Lett 28(17):3329–3332. doi:10.1029/2001GL013180
Kouba J (2009) A simplified yaw-attitude model for eclipsing GPS satellites. GPS Solut 13(1):1–12. doi:10.1007/s10291-008-0092-1
Meindl M, Beutler G, Thaller D, Dach R, Jäggi A (2013) Geocenter coordinates estimated from GNSS data as viewed by perturbation theory. Adv Space Res 51(7):1047–1064. doi:10.1016/j.asr.2012.10.026
Penna NT, Stewart MP (2003) Aliased tidal signatures in continuous GPS height time series. Geophys Res Lett 30(23):2184. doi:10.1029/2003GL018828
Petit G, Luzum B, IERS Conventions (2010) IERS technical note 36. Verlag des Bundesamts für Kartographie und Geodäsie, Frankfurt am Main
Press W, Teukolsky S, Vetterling W, Flannery B (1996) Numerical recipes in C. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Ray JR (1996) Measurements of length of day using the global positioning system. J Geophys Res 101(B9):20,141–20,149. doi:10.1029/96JB01889
Ray JR (2009) A quasi-optimal, consistent approach for combination of UT1 and LOD. In: Drewes H (ed) Geodetic reference frames. IAG Symp, vol 134. Springer, Berlin, pp 239–243. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-00860-3_37
Ray J, Altamimi Z, Collilieux X, van Dam T (2008) Anomalous harmonics in the spectra of GPS position estimates. GPS Solut 12(1):55–64. doi:10.1007/s10291-007-0067-7
Ray J, Griffiths J, Collilieux X, Rebischung P (2013a) Subseasonal GNSS positioning errors. Geophys Res Lett 40(22):5854–5860. doi:10.1002/2013GL058160
Ray JR, Rebischung P, Schmid R (2013b) Dependence of IGS products on the ITRF datum. In: Altamimi Z, Collilieux X (eds) Reference frames for applications in geosciences. IAG Symp, vol 138. Springer, Berlin, pp 63–67. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-32998-2_11
Rebischung P (2014) Can GNSS contribute to improving the ITRF definition? PhD thesis, Ecole Doctorale Astronomie et Astrophysique d’Ile-de-France. http://recherche.ign.fr/theses_2014/TheseIGN2014_LAREG_Rebischung.pdf. Accessed 5 Apr 2016
Rebischung P, Garayt B (2013) Recent results from the IGS terrestrial frame combinations. In: Altamimi Z, Collilieux X (eds) Reference frames for applications in geosciences. IAG Symp, vol 138. Springer, Berlin, pp 69–74. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-32998-2_12
Rebischung P, Griffiths J, Ray J, Schmid R, Collilieux X, Garayt B (2012) IGS08: the IGS realization of ITRF2008. GPS Solut 16(4):483–494. doi:10.1007/s10291-011-0248-2
Rebischung P, Garayt B, Collilieux X, Altamimi Z (2013) IGS reference frame working group coordinator report. In: Dach R, Jean Y (eds) International GNSS service technical report 2012. Astronomical Institute, University of Bern, pp 171–178
Rebischung P, Altamimi Z, Springer T (2014) A collinearity diagnosis of the GNSS geocenter determination. J Geod 88(1):65–85. doi:10.1007/s00190-013-0669-5
Rodriguez-Solano C, Hugentobler U, Steigenberger P (2011a) Earth radiation pressure model for GNSS satellites. In: Abstract EGU2011-9824 presented at EGU general assembly, Vienna
Rodriguez-Solano CJ, Hugentobler U, Steigenberger P, Lutz S (2011b) Impact of earth radiation pressure on GPS position estimates. J Geod 86(5):309–317. doi:10.1007/s00190-011-0517-4
Scargle J (1982) Studies in astronomical time series analysis. II—statistical aspects of spectral analysis of unevenly spaced data. Astrophys J 263:835–853. doi:10.1086/160554
Sillard P (1999) Modélisation des systèmes de référence terrestres. PhD thesis, Observatoire de Paris
Steigenberger P, Rothacher M, Dietrich R, Fritsche M, Rülke A, Vey S (2006) Reprocessing of a global GPS network. J Geophys Res 111(B5). doi:10.1029/2005JB003747
Steigenberger P, Rothacher M, Fritsche M, Rülke A, Dietrich R (2009) Quality of reprocessed GPS satellite orbits. J Geod 83(3–4):241–248. doi:10.1007/s00190-008-0228-7
Vondrák J (1969) A contribution to the problem of smoothing observational data. B Astron I Czech 20(6):349–355
Vondrák J (1977) Problem of smoothing observational data II. B Astron I Czech 28(2):84–89
Wu X, Collilieux X, Altamimi Z, Vermeersen BLA, Gross RS, Fukumori I (2011) Accuracy of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame origin and earth expansion. Geophys Res Lett 38(13):L13,304. doi:10.1029/2011GL047450
Zhu SY, Massmann FH, Yu Y, Reigber C (2003) Satellite antenna phase center offsets and scale errors in GPS solutions. J Geod 76(11–12):668–672. doi:10.1007/s00190-002-0294-1
Acknowledgments
We thank all participating Analysis Centers for the huge efforts they invested into the second IGS reprocessing campaign.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
J. Ray: Retired.
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Rebischung, P., Altamimi, Z., Ray, J. et al. The IGS contribution to ITRF2014. J Geod 90, 611–630 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-016-0897-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-016-0897-6